Abstract This article aimed to analyze how institutional racism at a Brazilian public university affects the lives of Black students. This mixed study was developed by applying an online self-administered questionnaire to university students who self-declared as Blacks. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using chi-square, and multinomial logistic regression. Qualitative data analysis was performed using IRAMUTEQ. Sixty-eight (54.4%) of the 125 respondents claimed to have suffered racism at least once within the university. We noticed that racist situations experienced by Black people within the university environment call into question the student’s self-confidence and motivation, directly affecting their mental health and performance in the course. The importance of receptive groups for strengthening students’ belonging was highlighted.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi analisar como o racismo institucional em uma universidade pública brasileira afeta a vida de estudantes negros e negras. Trata-se de um estudo misto, desenvolvido por meio da aplicação de questionário autoaplicado online a estudantes universitários que se autodeclararam negros. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por estatística descritiva, análise bivariável por meio do qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinominal. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi feita no Iramuteq. Do total de 125 respondentes, 68 (54,4%) afirmaram ter sofrido racismo pelo menos uma vez dentro da universidade. Percebeu-se que as situações racistas vividas pelas pessoas negras dentro do ambiente universitário colocam em questão a autoconfiança e a motivação do estudante, afetando diretamente a sua saúde mental e seu desempenho no curso. Evidenciou-se a importância dos coletivos para acolhimento e fortalecimento do pertencimento dos estudantes.

ABSTRACT: Glanders is an infectious disease of equids caused by Burkholderia mallei, a facultative intracellular non-mobile Gram-negative bacterium that can be transmitted to other animals and humans. This study described glanders cases reported in the state of Maranhão, located within an Amazon-Cerrado transition region in northeastern Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. A database in an electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel 2010) was developed containing information on the number of positive animals according to age, sex, purpose, year and month, municipality and mesoregion of origin of the animal. The descriptive analyzis was performed on data provided by the State Agency for Agricultural and Livestock Protection of the state of Maranhão (AGED), and by the official private laboratory. As the database did not have information data about negative animals, possible risk factors could not be evaluated. Among the total of 62,555 equids were evaluated by means of the complement fixation test (CFT), 59,036 were horses, 2,981 mules and 538 donkeys. Thirty-five samples (0.06%) reacted in the CFT. Five additional samples were by the western blot technique and three of them were positive. All the reactive horses (Equuscaballus) were from rural areas. Results presented here indicate that glanders may be endemic in the state of Maranhão and is a public health concern.

RESUMO: O mormo é uma doença infecciosa de equídeos causada por Burkholderia mallei, uma bactéria Gram-negativa intracelular, não móvel e facultativa que pode ser transmitida a outros animais e humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os casos de mormo relatados no estado do Maranhão, em uma região de transição Amazônia-Cerrado do Nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2007 a 2017. Um banco de dados em uma planilha eletrônica (Microsoft Excel 2010) foi desenvolvido contendo informações sobre o número de animais positivos de acordo com a idade, sexo, finalidade, ano, mês, municípios e mesorregiões de origem do animal. A análise descritiva foi realizada sobre os dados fornecidos pela Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Maranhão (AGED), e pelo laboratório privado oficial. Como o banco de dados não possui informações sobre animais negativos, possíveis fatores de risco não puderam ser avaliados. Entre o total de 62.555 equídeos foram avaliados com o teste de fixação do complemento (CFT), 59.036 eram cavalos, 2.981 mulas e 538 jumentos. Trinta e cinco (0,06%) amostras reagiram ao CFT. Cinco amostras adicionais foram testadas pela técnica de western blot e três foram positivas. Todos os animais positivos foram cavalos (Equus caballus) da área rural. Os resultados indicam que o mormo pode ser endêmico no estado do Maranhão e uma preocupação de saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic virus endemic to the African continent, has been reported in 33 non-endemic countries since May 2022. We report an almost complete genome of the first confirmed case of MPXV in Brazil. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was completed in 18 hours, from DNA extraction to consensus sequence generation.

ABSTRACT In 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox is being reported in non-endemic areas, with unusual clinical manifestations. The detailed clinical description of the first patient that received the diagnosis of monkeypox in Brazil is reported here, whose clinical manifestations can easily lead to misdiagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. A 41 years old male presented to an emergency room with a vesicular rash with eight days of evolution. He had traveled to Portugal and Spain and reported non-penetrative sexual involvement with three different male individuals. On the third day of symptoms, he sought medical care and received empirical treatment directed to sexually transmitted infections. As the symptoms did not improve, he sought medical attention at an infectious disease referral center presenting, on admission, an ulcerated penile lesion with central necrotic crusts, a disseminated pleomorphic skin rash and an oropharyngeal ulcer. The monkeypox diagnosis was suspected due to the characteristics of the lesions and the history of intimate contact with casual partners, and it was later confirmed by sequencing the almost complete monkeypox genome. The patient was hospitalized for pain control, which required opiate administration. He developed a secondary bacterial infection on the penile lesions, which were treated with oral antibiotics. He was discharged after 14 days, with lesions in process of re-epithelialization. Given the current outbreak, we must consider the possibility of monkeypox in patients with suggestive lesions, anywhere on the body (including the genitals), added to an epidemiological link or history of intimate contact with strangers or casual partners.

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by Schistosoma. Due to its complex life cycle, evolutionary position and sexual dimorphism, schistosomes have several mechanisms of gene regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mRNA transcripts. OBJECTIVES Here, we tested 12 miRNAs and identified their putative targets using a computational approach. METHODS We performed the expression profiles of a set of miRNAs and their putative targets during the parasite’s life cycle by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). FINDINGS Our results showed differential expression patterns of the mature miRNAs sma-miR-250; sma-miR-92a; sma-miR-new_4-3p; sma-miR-new_4-5p; sma-miR-new_5-5p; sma-miR-new_12-5p; sma-miR-new_13-3p and sma-miR-new_13-5p. Interestingly, many of the putative target genes are linked to oxidative phosphorylation and are up-regulated in adult-worms, which led us to suggest that miRNAs might play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes related to energetic metabolism inversion during parasite development. It is noteworthy that the expression of sma-miR-new_13-3p exhibited a negative correlation on SmNADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed putative miRNA genes related to important biological processes, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, proteasome regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, immune system evasion and transcriptional regulation.

ABSTRACT We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil.

Abstract This work presents the results of a supercritical transesterification process of soybean oil using methanol, performed in a laboratory high pressure semi-batch reactor. A full description of the equipment and a standard operating procedure are also provided. Since fossil fuels are not renewable, biofuels such biodiesel, have gained attention over the past decades. Biodiesel is the result of the transesterification of triacylglycerols in vegetable oils or animal fats and it works as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines. Methanol was chosen to perform the reaction, at molar ratios of 1:24 (oil: alcohol) and 0.1 (CO 2:methanol), temperature of 280 °C and pressure of 130 bar. In order to decrease the reaction time, CO2 in the supercritical state was used as cosolvent. The yield of biodiesel produced was equal to 95.19% in only ten minutes of reaction. A high yield of methyl esters (84.41%) was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, 10 compounds were identified. The component in higher concentration was linoleate, followed by methyl hexadecanoate, oleic acid methyl ester and methyl stearate. The ester conversion rate means that the process with supercritical methanol can be successfully applied to produce biodiesel.

ABSTRACT Thirteen pentacyclic triterpenes, methyl 3-oxours-12-en-23-oate, marsformosanone, taraxerone, β-amyrenone, α-amyrenone, lupenone, 24-methylencycloartan-3-one, moretenol acetate, β-amyrin acetate, germanicol acetate, 24-methylencycloartanyl acetate, β-amyrin, and α-amyrin were identified in a chloroform-methanol propolis extract from Melipona beecheii. Additionally, were identified in this propolis, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 1-triacontanol. The purification of the propolis extract was carried out using different chromatographic techniques, including vacuum liquid chromatography, gravity column chromatography and gel filtration chromatography Sephadex LH-20. The identification of the metabolites was performed using mass spectrometry.

Fatty acid esters (methyl and ethyl) prepared from babassu nut oil were blended with the respective esters from soybean oil. These binary blends (babassu:soybean) were made in proportions of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 (vol%). The ester content of all the blends was higher than 96.5%, which is the minimum value required by the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, ANP). The thermal properties of the babassu, soybean and binary mixtures of esters were investigated by thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the blended biodiesels decreased as the total contents of the babassu esters increased. From the experiments it was found that babassu methanol biodiesel is stable up to 49.6 ºC and the ethanol biodiesel is stable up to 53.7 ºC in air. The methyl esters blends were thermally stable up to 83.2 and 56.8 ºC, for 90:10 and 50:50 blends (soybean:babassu), respectively. The ethyl ester blends presented values of temperature ranges somewhat higher than the methyl esters, such as 85.2 and 64.5 ºC for 90:10 and 50:50 blends, respectively. The esters from babassu oil have satisfactory performance at low temperatures with respect to the point of crystallization, which were below –9.8 ºC for ethylic esters and –8.5 ºC for methylic esters. A good correlation between the crystallization onset temperature and the increase in the concentration of the babassu oil esters was obtained in the mixtures analyses. In the 50:50 combination (babassu:soybean), the crystallization onset temperature were –6.73 and –9.12 ºC for methyl and ethyl esters, respectively.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los discursos materializados en las prácticas discursivas de los líderes religiosos y políticos que pertenecen a la “bancada evangélica” y/o ultraconservadores en función de las políticas educativas para combatir la homofobia. Se buscó comprender los diversos discursos de estos líderes debido a las iniciativas de reconocimiento de la diversidad sexual y las políticas públicas para combatir la homofobia en el contexto escolar. Para analizar estos objetivos, nos apoyamos en el análisis del discurso presentada por Michel Foucault (1969/2008). Usamos como corpus los videos localizados en el sitio de YouTube que contienen la declaración, la predicación, el debate o una conferencia de tres políticos y líderes religiosos que se oponen a la política pública educativa para combatir la homofobia. Los resultados indican que los sujetos están atravesados por discursos de naturaleza moral, pseudo-científica, cultural y religiosa que sostienen heteronormatividad.

This study aims to analyze the discourses produced in the discursive practices of the religious and political leaders belonging to the evangelical churches and / or ultraconservative political parties regarding educational policies to combat homophobia. The authors engage in the task of analyzing the various speeches made by these leaders in relation to initiatives that promote sexual diversity and public policies that combat homophobia in schools. To achieve these goals, the study uses the discourse analysis developed by Michel Foucault (1969/2008). The corpus consists of videos located on YouTube that contain statements, preaching, debates or conferences involving three political and religious leaders opposed to educational policies that combat homophobia. The results indicate that the subjects produce discourses that are based on moral, pseudo-scientific, cultural and religious positions to argue for heteronormativity.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos discursos materializados nas práticas discursivas de líderes políticos pertencentes à bancada evangélica e/ou ultraconservadores frente às políticas educacionais de combate à homofobia. Procurou-se compreender os vários discursos produzidos por esses líderes em função de iniciativas de reconhecimento da diversidade sexual e de políticas públicas de combate à homofobia no contexto da escola. Para analisar tais objetivos, ancoramo-nos na análise do discurso apresentada por Michel Foucault (1969/2008). Utilizamos como corpus os vídeos localizados no site youTube contendo o pronunciamento, a pregação, o debate ou a preleção de três líderes políticos e religiosos contrários às políticas públicas educacionais de combate à homofobia. Os resultados indicam que os sujeitos são atravessados por discursos de cunho moral, pseudocientífico, cultural e religioso que sustentam a heteronormatividade.

O artigo aborda o projeto Escrileituras: um modo de ler-escrever em meio à vida, integrante do Observatório da Educação CAPES/INEP, vigente de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2014. Articulando professores de educação básica, estudantes de iniciação científica, mestrado, doutorado e pesquisadores participantes, radica em quatro núcleos, nas seguintes universidades: UFRGS, UFPel, UFMT e UNIOESTE/PR. Desde a pesquisa, o ensino e a extensão, trabalhados na perspectiva do pensamento da diferença em educação, desenvolve variadas oficinas de escrileituras, que produzem competências de leitura e de escritura, a partir da coautoria entre leitor e escritor. Opera com a didática da tradução, articulando os planos filosóficos, científicos e artísticos para realizar processos vitalistas de transcriações, que são transdisciplinares, translinguísticos e transculturais. Isso porque escrileituras é, sempre, um ato político, que não assimila o outro a si mesmo, mas aproxima distâncias e transpõe culturas estrangeiras umas às outras. Ao utilizar a didática-artista da tradução e o método cartográfico, nunca é cópia, mas transcriação, que modifica os originais, como uma heterofilia, desfazendo identidades sedentárias. Ao operar sob o fascínio das interinfluências trazidas pelas linguagens contemporâneas, implica a invenção de um corpus crítico-seletivo, que liga criteriosamente os conceitos de tradução poética, intertextualidade e relações entre diversos sistemas de signos.

This paper discusses the project Writreadings: a way of "reading--writing" amidst life, with financial support by the CAPES/INEP Education Observatory, effective from January 2011 through December 2014. Articulating basic education teachers, undergraduate and graduate students and participant researchers, it takes place at four centers in the following universities: UFRGS, UFPel, UFMT, and UNIOESTE/PR. Including research, teaching and cultural extension, worked on in the perspective of thinking the difference in education, the Project develops various Writreadings workshops, which produce reading and writing skills, in co-authorship between reader and writer. Operating with the Translation Didactics, it articulates the philosophical, scientific and artistic dimensions to perform vital trans-creation processes that are trans-disciplinary, trans-lingual and trans-cultural. Writreadings is always a political act, which does not assimilate the other to oneself, but overcomes distances and transposes foreign cultures ones to the others. By using the artistic didactics of translation and the cartographic method, what modifies the original is trans-creation, rather than copies, as a heterophilia, undoing sedentary identities. Operating under the fascination of inter-influences introduced by contemporary languages, it involves the invention of a critical-selective corpus that accurately links the concepts of poetic translation, intertextuality, and relations between different sign systems.

Objetivos: avaliar a capacidade dos indicadores antropométricos e pontos de corte na predição da síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: estudo transversal, envolvendo amostra probabilística de 879 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Dados metabólicos, antropométricos e sociodemográficos foram coletados. Para diagnóstico da SM, foi utilizada a definição modificada do National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). A capacidade dos indicadores antropométricos na predição do SM foi avaliada por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Resultados: a prevalência de SM foi de 6,6%. Na predição da SM, a área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,79 (0,72; 0,85) para índice de massa corporal (IMC), de 0,79 (0,73; 0,85) para circunferência da cintura (CC) e de 0,83 (0,78; 0,89) para circunferência da cintura corrigida pela estatura (RCE). O ponto de corte identificado para RCE na predição da SM foi de 0,448 (ambos os gêneros). Conclusões: todos os indicadores antropométricos utilizados, com pequena superioridade da RCE, foram bons preditores da SM. O ponto de corte identificado para RCE na predição da SM aproxima-se daquele proposto por alguns autores como universal. Sugere-se o uso deste índice dado a sua simples operacionalidade em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos como preditor da SM.

Objectives: to assess the capacity of anthropometric indicators to predict metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents and to establish cut-off points. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with a probabilistic sample of 879 children and adolescents of both sexes. Metabolic, anthropometric and socio-demographic data were gathered. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was carried out using the modified definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program 's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). The capacity of anthropometric indicators to predict metabolic syndrome was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 6.6%. For prediction of metabolic syndrome, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 79 (0. 72; 0.85) for body mass index, 0. 79 (0.73; 0.85) for waist circumference and 0.83 (0.78; 0.89) for waist circumference corrected for height. The cut-off point identified for waist circumference corrected for height for prediction of metabolic syndrome was 0.448 (for both sexes). Conclusions: all anthropometric indicators used were good predictors of metabolic syndrome, with slightly better results for waist circumference corrected for height. The cut-off point identified for waist circumference corrected for height for prediction of metabolic syndrome was similar to the standard proposed by other authors. It is suggested that this indicator be used in clinical and epidemiological studies as a predictor of metabolic syndrome, since it is simple to measure.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas no nível do limiar de anaerobiose ventilatório (LAV) e no pico do teste de exercício cardiopulmonar (TECP) submáximo em voluntários saudáveis e em pacientes na fase precoce após o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). MÉTODO: Vinte e seis voluntários realizaram TECP submáximo ou sintoma limitante em cicloergômetro e foram divididos em grupo IAM (G-IAM=12, 56,33±8,65 anos) e grupo saudável (GC=14, 53,33±3,28 anos). As medidas dos desfechos principais foram as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas obtidas no pico e no LAV do TECP. Teste estatístico: t-Student não pareado, α=5%. RESULTADOS: O G-IAM apresentou menores valores no LAV e no pico do TECP que o GC (p<0,05): potência em Watts (91,06±30,10 e 64,88±19,92; 154,93±34,65 e 120,40±29,60); VO2mL.kg-1.min-1 (17,26±2,71 e 12,19±2,51; 25,39±5,73 e 19,41±5,63); VCO2L/min-1 (1,43±0,31 e 0,93±0,23; 2,07±0,43 e 1,42±0,36), VO2L/min-1 (1,33±0,32 e 1,00±0,23; 1,97±0,39 e 1,49±0,36); VEL/min-1 (42,13±8,32 e 27,51±5,86; 63,07±20,83 e 40,82±11,96); FC (bpm) (122,96±14,02 e 103,46±13,38; 149,67±13,77 e 127,60±10,04); duplo produto (DP) (bpm.mmHg.min-1) (21835,86±3245,93 e 17333,25±2716,51; 27302,33±3053,08 e 21864,00±2051,48), respectivamente. A variável Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES L/min) do G-IAM foi 1,79±0,51 e do GC 2,26±0,37, p<0.05. O G-IAM não apresentou alterações eletrocardiográficas ou sintomas que limitassem o TECP. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que os pacientes com IAM Killip I apresentaram menor capacidade funcional e DP em relação ao GC, sem apresentar alterações isquêmicas. Assim, o estudo sugere que o TECP submáximo pode ser aplicado precocemente para a avaliação cardiorrespiratória por apresentar alta sensibilidade para detectar alterações de forma segura.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and to compare the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold level (AT) and at submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in both, healthy volunteers and in patients in the early phase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHOD: Twenty-six volunteers underwent a submaximal or symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a cycle ergometer and were divided into AMI group (AMIG=12, 56.33±8.65 years) and healthy group (CG=14, 53.33±3.28 years). The primary outcome measures were the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables obtained at the peak workload and at the AT of the CPET. Statistical test: independent Student's t-test, α=5%. RESULTS: The AMIG presented lower values at the AT and the peak workload of the CPET compered to the CG: power in watts (91.06±30.10 and 64.88±19.92; 154.93±34.65 and 120.40±29.60); VO2 mL.kg-1.min-1 (17.26±2.71 and 12.19±2.51; 25.39±5.73 and 19.41±5.63); VCO2 L/min-1 (1.43±0.31 and 0.93±0.23; 2.07±0.43 and 1.42±0.36), VO2 L/min-1 (1.33±0.32 and 1.00±0.23; 1.97±0.39 and 1.49±0.36); VE L/min-1 (42.13±8.32 and 27.51±5.86; 63.07±20.83 and 40.82±11.96); HR (bpm) (122.96±14.02 and 103.46±13.38; 149.67±13.77 and 127.60±10.04), double product (DP) (bpm.mmHg.min-1) (21835.86±3245.93 and 17333.25±2716.51; 27302.33±3053.08 and 21864.00±2051.48), respectively. The variable oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES L/min) was lower in the AMIG (1.79±0.51) than the CG (2.26±0.37). The AMIG presented neither ECG alterations nor symptoms that limited the CPET. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that patients with AMI Killip class I presented lower functional capacity and DP compared to the CG without presenting ischemic alterations. Thus, the study suggests that submaximal CPET can be applied at an early stage to evaluate cardiorespiratory status since it is both safe and highly sensitive to detect changes.

Estudos de caracterização de solos em regiões ainda pouco exploradas, além de disponibilizarem e ampliarem a base de informações sobre as mais distintas ordens de solos do território nacional, também permitem sistematizar informações sobre suas propriedades, que poderão servir de subsídio para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo e uso sustentável das terras. Entre os principais solos recorrentes na região semiárida pernambucana, destacam-se os Neossolos Regolíticos, os quais perfazem aproximadamente 27 % da superfície do Estado e recobrem importantes áreas voltadas à produção agrícola, especialmente à agricultura familiar. Considerando a possibilidade de ocorrência de Neossolos Regolíticos com distintas propriedades físicas, químicas ou mineralógicas, em razão da existência de distintos contextos geológicos e climáticos ao longo do Estado de Pernambuco, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar física, química e mineralogicamente Neossolos Regolíticos ao longo da região semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco, bem como relacionar os solos com sua litologia. Para isso, foram selecionados cinco perfis de Neossolos Regolíticos em diversos municípios do Estado de Pernambuco (P1=São Caetano, P2=Lagoa do Ouro, P3=Caetés, P4=São João e P5=Parnamirim). Os perfis foram descritos morfologicamente, coletando-se amostras de todos os horizontes do solo e da rocha do embasamento. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas para fins de classificação de solos, análises mineralógicas das frações grossas (cascalho e areia) por microscopia óptica e das frações silte e argila por difração de raios X, além de análises petrográficas das amostras de rochas. De acordo com os resultados, observou-se a ocorrência de solos semelhantes e com pequeno grau de desenvolvimento pedogenético, variando de medianamente a muito profundos, com sequência de horizontes A-AC-C e Cr e textura arenosa a média. Dois perfis apresentaram caráter solódico em profundidade. Todos os solos apresentaram baixos teores de matéria orgânica e P disponível. Apesar dos baixos teores de cátions trocáveis, todos os perfis são eutróficos. A assembleia mineralógica das frações cascalho, areia e silte é constituída essencialmente por quartzo, seguido de feldspatos e mica, corroborando a constituição petrográfica analisada. A caulinita é o principal argilomineral da fração argila em todos os perfis e horizontes estudados, indicando um importante processo de monossialitização em solos autóctones, em clima caracteristicamente semiárido. No perfil P2, devido à posição mais baixa do solo na paisagem, ocorreram minerais esmectíticos com misturas de fases entre montmorilonita, beidelita ou nontronita, identificados pela análise de DRX, empregando o teste de Greene-Kelly.

Studies on soil characterization in unexplored regions, besides the generation of data banks for the soil classes of the country, also produce scientific information about soil properties, important for the development of good management practices and sustainable land use. One of the main soil classes in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State, the Regosols, cover about 27 % of the state area, and are used mainly for family agriculture. Due to different geological and climatic aspects Regosols with different chemical, physical and mineralogical properties are found in Pernambuco, which were characterized for the semiarid region of the State. Five Regosol profiles were selected in different regions of the State (P1=São Caetano; P2=Lagoa do Ouro; P3=Caetés; P4= São João; P5=Parnamirim). The soils were morphologically characterized and samples collected from all horizons and the bedrock. Routine physical and chemical analyses were carried out for soil classification of all samples and mineralogical analyses of the coarse fractions (gravel and sand) by optical microscopy and of the silt and clay fractions by X ray diffraction (XRD), as well as petrographic analyses of the rock samples. The results showed similarities between the soils, with a low degree of pedogenetic development, varying from medium to very deep, with the horizon sequence A-AC-C-Cr and a sandy to sandy loam texture. In the deeper layers of two profiles (P1 and P5), a solodic character was observed. Organic matter and available phosphorus content were low in all studied soils. Despite the low levels of exchangeable cations, all soil profiles showed high base saturation. The mineralogical composition of gravel, sand and silt fractions consisted, essentially, of quartz, followed by feldspars and mica, supporting the results of the petrographic analysis of the bedrock. Kaolinite was the main clay mineral in all studied profiles and horizons, indicating an important monosialitization process in autochthonous soils of a typical semiarid region. In soil profile P2, at a lower landscape position, smectite minerals were observed, with mixing phases of montmorillonite, beidelite or nontronite, indentified by the Greene-Kelly test in the DRX analysis.

INTRODUÇÃO: A fisioterapia na fase I da reabilitação cardiovascular (FTCV) pode ser iniciada de 12 a 24 horas após o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), no entanto, é comum o repouso prolongado no leito em razão do receio de instabilização do paciente. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as respostas autonômicas e hemodinâmicas de pacientes pós-IAM submetidos ao primeiro dia de protocolo de FTCV fase I, bem como sua segurança. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 51 pacientes com primeiro IAM não complicado, 55 ± 11 anos, 76% homens. Foram submetidos ao primeiro dia do protocolo de FTCV fase I, em média 24 horas pós-IAM. A frequência cardíaca (FC) instantânea e os intervalos R-R do ECG foram captados pelo monitor de FC (Polar®S810i) e a pressão arterial (PA) aferida pelo método auscultatório. A variabilidade da FC foi analisada nos domínios do tempo (RMSSD e RMSM dos iR-R em ms) e da frequência. A densidade espectral de potência foi expressa em unidades absolutas (ms²/Hz) e normalizada (un) para as bandas de baixa (BF) e alta frequência (AF) e pela razão BF/AF. RESULTADOS: O índice RMSSD, a AF e a AFun apresentaram redução na execução dos exercícios em relação ao repouso pré e pós-exercício (p < 0,05), a BFun e a razão BF/AF aumentaram (p < 0,05). A FC e a PA sistólica apresentaram aumento durante a execução dos exercícios em relação ao repouso (p < 0,05). Não foi observado qualquer sinal e/ou sintoma de intolerância ao esforço. CONCLUSÕES: O exercício realizado foi eficaz, pois promoveu alterações hemodinâmicas e na modulação autonômica nesses pacientes, sem ocasionar qualquer intercorrência clínica.

INTRODUCTION: Physical therapy during phase I of cardiac rehabilitation (CPT) can be started 12 to 24 hours after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), however, it is common to extend the bed rest due to fear of patient’s instability. OBJECTIVES: To assess the hemodynamic and autonomic responses to post-AMI patients when subjected to first day of phase I protocol of CPT, as well as their safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 51 patients with first uncomplicated AMI, 55 ± 11 years, 76% men. The patients were subjected to first day protocol phase I CPT, on average, 24 hours after AMI. The Instantaneous heart rate (HR) and RR interval were acquired by HR monitor (Polar™S810i) and blood pressure (BP) checked by auscultation. HR variability was analyzed in the time (RMSSD and RMSM-Ri in ms) and frequency domains. Power spectral density was expressed in absolute (ms²/Hz) and normalized (nu) units for the bands of low (LF) and high frequencies (HF) and as LF/HF ratio. RESULTS: The RMSSD, HF and HFnu have reduced performance of the exercises in relation to rest and post-exercise (p < 0.05), LFnu and LF/HF ratio increased (p < 0.05). HR and systolic BP showed an increase during the execution of the exercises in relation to rest (p < 0.05). There were no any signs and/or symptoms of exercise intolerance. CONCLUSION: The exercise was effective, because it caused changes hemodynamic and autonomic modulation in these patients, without causing any medical complications.